Genetic structure of the northern house mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in a WNV-susceptible area
Benitez, Hugo A.
- 1Universidad Catolica del Maule
- 2Universidad de Chile
- 3Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacion (UMCE)
- 4Universidad de Tarapaca
- 5
Journal
Journal of Heredity
ISSN
0022-1503
1465-7333
Open Access
closed
Volume
116
Start page
241
End page
254
Mosquitoes from the Culex pipiens complex are found worldwide and have been the focus of numerous studies due to their role as vectors of human pathogens. We investigated the population genetic structure of Cx. pipiens s.l. by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the COI gene, focusing on the genetic grouping signals of the ecotypes pipiens and molestus. Our analysis revealed no genetic association between the ecotypes and the SNPs, suggesting that the classification is based on ecological traits rather than genetic factors. Using data from 2,641 SNPs and 164 genotypes, our Bayesian clustering analysis categorized the populations into six distinct genetic groups, distinguishing the Rapa Nui island population from those on the American mainland. The estimated effective migration rates showed low levels of migration between island and continental populations, with significant migration occurring only among populations between 29 degrees S and 33 degrees S. Genetic differentiation between Rapa Nui island and the American continent was observed. In contrast, no significant differentiation was noted in other regions. The haplotype network suggests a possible migration pathway from that area of the South Pacific. In addition, demographic history analysis indicates a relatively recent founder effect of Cx. pipiens s.l. on the island. Geographic isolation and variations in genetic makeup can limit the spread of pathogens regionally and globally. However, these same factors can also promote specialization and enhance adaptation to new ecological niches, thereby improving the ability of pathogens to function as effective vectors in isolated environments.