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Plastics in the environment in the context of UV radiation, climate change and the Montreal Protocol: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2023

Jansen, Marcel A. K.
[1]; 
Andrady, Anthony L.
[2]; 
Bornman, Janet F.
[3]; 
Aucamp, Pieter J.
[4]; 
Bais, Alkiviadis F.
[5]; 
Banaszak, Anastazia T.
[6]; 
Barnes, Paul W.
[7]; 
Bernhard, Germar H.
[8]; 
Bruckman, Laura S.
[9]; 
Busquets, Rosa
[10]; 
Haeder, Donat-P.
[11]; 
Hanson, Mark L.
[12]; 
Heikkila, Anu M.
[13]; 
Hylander, Samuel
[14]; 
Lucas, Robyn M.
[15]; 
[16]; 
Madronich, Sasha
[17]; 
Neale, Patrick J.
[18]; 
Neale, Rachel E.
[19]; 
Olsen, Catherine M.
[19]; 
Ossola, Rachele
[17]; 
Pandey, Krishna K.
[20]; 
Petropavlovskikh, Irina
[21]; 
Revell, Laura E.
[22]; 
Robinson, Sharon A.
[23]; 
Robson, T. Matthew
[24]; 
Rose, Kevin C.
[25]; 
Solomon, Keith R.
[26]; 
Andersen, Mads P. Sulbaek
[27]; 
Sulzberger, Barbara
[28]; 
Wallington, Timothy J.
[29]; 
Wang, Qing-Wei
[30]; 
Waengberg, Sten-Ake
[31]; 
White, Christopher C.
[32]; 
Young, Antony R.
[33]; 
Zepp, Richard G.
[34]; 
Zhu, Liping
[35]
  • 1
    University College Cork
  • 2
    North Carolina State University
  • 3
    Murdoch University
  • 4
    Ptersa Environm Consultants
  • 5
    Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • 6
    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
  • 7
    Loyola University New Orleans
  • 8
    Biospher Inc
  • 9
    University System of Ohio
  • 10
    Kingston University
  • 11
    University of Erlangen Nuremberg
  • 12
    University of Manitoba
  • 13
    Finnish Meteorological Institute
  • 14
    Linnaeus University
  • 15
    Australian National University
  • 16
    Centro universitario UMAG Cabo de Hornos  
  • 17
    Colorado State University System
  • 18
    Smithsonian Institution
  • 19
    QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
  • 20
    Indian Acad Wood Sci
  • 21
    University of Colorado System
  • 22
    University of Canterbury
  • 23
    University of Wollongong
  • 24
    University of Cumbria
  • 25
    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  • 26
    University of Guelph
  • 27
    California State University System
  • 28
    Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain
  • 29
    University of Michigan System
  • 30
    Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • 31
    University of Gothenburg
  • 32
    Exponent
  • 33
    University of London
  • 34
    United States Environmental Protection Agency
  • 35
    Donghua University
DOI
Date Issued
2024-4
Type
ArtĆ­culo
Journal
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences
ISSN
1474-905X
1474-9092
Open Access
hybrid
Volume
23
Start page
629
End page
650
Links
This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment.
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