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Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment

Madronich, S.
[1]; 
Bernhard, G. H.
[2]; 
Neale, P. J.
[3]; 
Heikkilae, A.
[4]; 
Andersen, M. P. Sulbaek
[5]; 
Andrady, A. L.
[6]; 
Aucamp, P. J.
[7]; 
Bais, A. F.
[8]; 
Banaszak, A. T.
[9]; 
Barnes, P. J.
[10]; 
Bornman, J. F.
[11]; 
Bruckman, L. S.
[12]; 
Busquets, R.
[13]; 
Chiodo, G.
[14]; 
Haeder, D. -P.
[15]; 
Hanson, M. L.
[16]; 
Hylander, S.
[17]; 
Jansen, M. A. K.
[18]; 
Lingham, G.
[19]; 
Lucas, R. M.
[20]; 
[21]; 
Olsen, C.
[22]; 
Ossola, R.
[23]; 
Pandey, K. K.
[24]; 
Petropavlovskikh, I.
[25]; 
Revell, L. E.
[26]; 
Rhodes, L. E.
[27]; 
Robinson, S. A.
[28]; 
Robson, T. M.
[29]; 
Rose, K. C.
[30]; 
Schikowski, T.
[31]; 
Solomon, K. R.
[32]; 
Sulzberger, B.
[14]; 
Wallington, T. J.
[33]; 
Wang, Q. -W.
[34]; 
Wangberg, S. -A.
[35]; 
White, C. C.
[36]; 
Wilson, S. R.
[28]; 
Zhu, L.
[37]; 
Neale, R. E.
[22]
  • 1
    National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA
  • 2
    Biospher Inc
  • 3
    Smithsonian Institution
  • 4
    Finnish Meteorological Institute
  • 5
    California State University System
  • 6
    North Carolina State University
  • 7
    Ptersa Environm Management Consultants
  • 8
    Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • 9
    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
  • 10
    Loyola University New Orleans
  • 11
    Murdoch University
  • 12
    University System of Ohio
  • 13
    Kingston University
  • 14
    Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain
  • 15
    University of Erlangen Nuremberg
  • 16
    University of Manitoba
  • 17
    Linnaeus University
  • 18
    University College Cork
  • 19
    University of Western Australia
  • 20
    Australian National University
  • 21
    Centro universitario UMAG Cabo de Hornos  
  • 22
    QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
  • 23
    Colorado State University System
  • 24
    Indian Acad Wood Sci
  • 25
    University of Colorado System
  • 26
    University of Canterbury
  • 27
    University of Manchester
  • 28
    University of Wollongong
  • 29
    University of Cumbria
  • 30
    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  • 31
    Leibniz Association
  • 32
    University of Guelph
  • 33
    University of Michigan System
  • 34
    Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • 35
    University of Gothenburg
  • 36
    Exponent
  • 37
    Donghua University
DOI
Date Issued
2024-6
Type
ArtĆ­culo
Journal
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences
ISSN
1474-905X
1474-9092
Open Access
hybrid
Volume
23
Start page
1087
End page
1115
Links
The protection of Earth's stratospheric ozone (O3) is an ongoing process under the auspices of the universally ratified Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and adjustments. A critical part of this process is the assessment of the environmental issues related to changes in O3. The United Nations Environment Programme's Environmental Effects Assessment Panel provides annual scientific evaluations of some of the key issues arising in the recent collective knowledge base. This current update includes a comprehensive assessment of the incidence rates of skin cancer, cataract and other skin and eye diseases observed worldwide; the effects of UV radiation on tropospheric oxidants, and air and water quality; trends in breakdown products of fluorinated chemicals and recent information of their toxicity; and recent technological innovations of building materials for greater resistance to UV radiation. These issues span a wide range of topics, including both harmful and beneficial effects of exposure to UV radiation, and complex interactions with climate change. While the Montreal Protocol has succeeded in preventing large reductions in stratospheric O3, future changes may occur due to a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. Thus, frequent assessments of potential environmental impacts are essential to ensure that policies remain based on the best available scientific knowledge.
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