Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
Posth, Cosimo
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Nakatsuka, Nathan
Harvard University
Lazaridis, Iosif
Harvard University
Skoglund, Pontus
Harvard University
Mallick, Swapan
Harvard University
Lamnidis, Thiseas C.
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Rohland, Nadin
Harvard University
Naegele, Kathrin
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Adamski, Nicole
Harvard University
Bertolini, Emilie
University of Pavia
Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen
Harvard University
Cooper, Alan
University of Adelaide
Culleton, Brendan J.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Ferraz, Tiago
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Ferry, Matthew
Harvard University
Furtwaengler, Anja
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
Haak, Wolfgang
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Harkins, Kelly
University of California System
Harper, Thomas K.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Huenemeier, Tabita
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Lawson, Ann Marie
Harvard University
Llamas, Bastien
University of Adelaide
Michel, Megan
Harvard University
Nelson, Elizabeth
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Oppenheimer, Jonas
Harvard University
Patterson, Nick
Harvard University
Schiffels, Stephan
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Sedig, Jakob
Harvard University
Stewardson, Kristin
Harvard University
Talamo, Sahra
Max Planck Society
Wang, Chuan-Chao
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Hublin, Jean-Jacques
Max Planck Society
Hubbe, Mark
University System of Ohio
Harvati, Katerina
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
Delaunay, Amalia Nuevo
Ctr Invest Ecosistemas Patagonia
Beier, Judith
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
Francken, Michael
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
Kaulicke, Peter
Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
Reyes-Centeno, Hugo
Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
Rademaker, Kurt
Michigan State University
Trask, Willa R.
United States Department of Defense
Robinson, Mark
University of Exeter
Gutierrez, Said M.
Yaaxche Conservat Trust
Prufer, Keith M.
University of New Mexico
Salazar-Garcia, Domingo C.
Max Planck Society
Chim, Eliane N.
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Gomes, Lisiane Muller Plumm
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Alves, Marcony L.
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Liryo, Andersen
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Inglez, Mariana
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Oliveira, Rodrigo E.
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Bernardo, Danilo V.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Barioni, Alberto
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Wesolowski, Veronica
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Scheifler, Nahuel A.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
Plens, Claudia R.
Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)
Messineo, Pablo G.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
Figuti, Levy
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Corach, Daniel
University of Buenos Aires
Scabuzzo, Clara
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
Eggers, Sabine
Universidade de Sao Paulo
DeBlasis, Paulo
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Reindel, Markus
German Archaeol Inst
Mendez, Cesar
Ctr Invest Ecosistemas Patagonia
Politis, Gustavo
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
Tomasto-Cagigao, Elsa
Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
Kennett, Douglas J.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Strauss, Andre
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
University of California System
Krause, Johannes
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Reich, David
Harvard University
Journal
Cell
ISSN
0092-8674
1097-4172
Open Access
hybrid
Volume
175
Start page
1185
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least similar to 9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by similar to 4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.