A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kushnir, Elizaveta
Nadif, Khaoula
Bravo, Olalla Nino
Nauman, Rafia
Oosterlinck, Marlies
Pilecka, Natalia
Kirgizova, Komila
Muminov, Abdumalik
Maldonado, Monica Alarcon
Sacakli, Asli
Moshontz, Hannah
- 1Harvard University
- 2Northwestern University
- 3Willamette University
- 4University of Tartu
- 5Stanford University
- 6Adekunle Ajasin Univ
- 7Universidade do Porto
- 8University of Deusto
- 9University of Navarra
- 10University of Valencia
- 11California State University System
- 12Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE)
- 13Ruhr University Bochum
- 14Kindergarten Kustosija
- 15Government College University Lahore
- 16Montclair State University
- 17European University Cyprus
- 18Leiden University
- 19University of Oxford
- 20Queens University Belfast
- 21Jagiellonian University
- 22Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
- 23HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
- 24SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities
- 25Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET UNC
- 26University of Cyprus
- 27Abo Akademi University
- 28Afyon Kocatepe University
- 29Alex Ekwueme Fed Univ Ndufu Alike
- 30Ankara Medipol University
- 31Ankara Science University
- 32Arellano Univ
- 33University System of Ohio
- 34Atilim University
- 35Australian Catholic University
- 36Universidade de Lisboa
- 37Ben Gurion University
- 38Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
- 39Bournemouth University
- 40SWPS Univ Social Sci & Humanities Sopot
- 41Universidad del Desarrollo
- 42Charles University Prague
- 43Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention
- 44Claremont Colleges
- 45Universite de Toulouse
- 46University of Ljubljana
- 47Murdoch University
- 48Comenius University Bratislava
- 49Concordia University - Canada
- 50De La Salle University
- 51Universidad de La Frontera
- 52United Arab Emirates University
- 53University of Vienna
- 54New Bulgarian University
- 55Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- 56Universidade de Sao Paulo
- 57University of Padua
- 58Tzu Chi University
- 59Aarhus University
- 60Kingston University
- 61Baylor College of Medicine
- 62Macquarie University
- 63Mugla Sitki Kocman University
- 64Swinburne University of Technology
- 65Nova Southeastern University
- 66University of St Andrews
- 67Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
- 68University of Pavol Jozef Safarik Kosice
- 69Matej Bel University
- 70University of JJ Strossmayer Osijek
- 71University of Primorska
- 72University of Tehran
- 73University of Amsterdam
- 74Goethe University Frankfurt
- 75Lancaster University
- 76Manchester Metropolitan University
- 77Mohammed V University in Rabat
- 78Northern Illinois University
- 79Oakland Univ
- 80Sapienza University Rome
- 81Simon Fraser University
- 82Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
- 83University of Cambridge
- 84University of Crete
- 85University of Hong Kong
- 86
- 87University of Maribor
- 88University of Minnesota System
- 89University of Mississippi
- 90University of Oslo
- 91University of Sheffield
- 92University of Southern California
- 93Tilburg Univ
- 94University of Haifa
- 95Urmia University
- 96Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education
- 97University of Canberra
- 98University of London
- 99Dominican Univ
- 100Eindhoven University of Technology
- 101University of Presov
- 102Dr Lazar Vrkat Fac Legal & Business Studies
- 103University of Warsaw
- 104Singidunum Univ
- 105Universidade de Coimbra
- 106University of Belgrade
- 107Chulalongkorn University
- 108Fdn Univ Konrad Lorenz
- 109Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
- 110Ferdowsi University Mashhad
- 111State University System of Florida
- 112Fo Guang University
- 113FOM Univ Appl Sci
- 114Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
- 115Franklin & Marshall College
- 116Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
- 117University System of Georgia
- 118Ghent University
- 119Grenoble Ecole Management
- 120Hacettepe University
- 121Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra
- 122Imperial College London
- 123INSEAD Business School
- 124Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
- 125Beijing Normal University
- 126Eotvos Lorand University
- 127Leibniz University Hannover
- 128University of Hildesheim
- 129HUN-REN
- 130University of Silesia in Katowice
- 131University of Wroclaw
- 132Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
- 133Tecnologico de Monterrey
- 134Instituto Universitario de Lisboa
- 135Ithaca College
- 136Jose Rizal University
- 137Karl Landsteiner Univ Hlth Sci
- 138Karolinska Institutet
- 139Kozminski University
- 140Kyushu University
- 141La Trobe University
- 142Wilfrid Laurier University
- 143Leeds Beckett University
- 144Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
- 145Stockholm University
- 146Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes
- 147Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 148Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts
- 149University of Mannheim
- 150Michigan State University
- 151Middle East Technical University
- 152University of Vermont
- 153Sampurna Montfort Coll
- 154National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 155Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- 156New York University
- 157Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
- 158Lovisenberg Diaconal Hosp
- 159Norvel Psychol Ctr Counselling & Res
- 160Occidental College
- 161Paul Valery Montpellier Univ
- 162Prague University of Economics & Business
- 163PSA Psihesko
- 164University of Delhi
- 165Swansea University
- 166Purdue University System
- 167Radboud University Nijmegen
- 168Samsun University
- 169Univ Konstanz
- 170Saint Joseph's University
- 171University of the Sunshine Coast
- 172University of Auckland
- 173University of Aberdeen
- 174Nanjing Normal University
- 175Ollscoil na Gaillimhe-University of Galway
- 176Univ Birmingham
- 177University of Nottingham Malaysia
- 178University of Surrey
- 179Singapore Management University
- 180Senshu Univ
- 181Sewanee: University of the South
- 182Bar Ilan University
- 183University of Sofia
- 184Southern Illinois University System
- 185Stevens Institute of Technology
- 186TA Pai Management Inst
- 187Tarbiat Modares University
- 188Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK)
- 189University of Adelaide
- 190University of Alabama System
- 191Tilburg University
- 192UiT The Arctic University of Tromso
- 193Universidad de Sonora
- 194Universidad del Rosario
- 195Univ Latina Costa Rica
- 196Univ Reg Amazon Ikiam
- 197Univ Cruzeiro
- 198Universite de Lorraine
- 199Universite Paris Cite
- 200Univ Paul Valery Montpellier
- 201University College Cork
- 202Baskent University
- 203University of Bergen
- 204University of Birmingham
- 205Universidade de Brasilia
- 206University of California System
- 207University of Delaware
- 208University of Denver
- 209University of Dhaka
- 210Univ Econ & Human Sci Warsaw
- 211University of Essex
- 212University of Graz
- 213University of Kent
- 214Univ Limerick
- 215University of Louisiana Lafayette
- 216University of Milano-Bicocca
- 217University of Opole
- 218University of Queensland
- 219Univ Southern Indiana
- 220University of Tabriz
- 221Univ Fraser Valley
- 222University of the Philippines System
- 223University of Warwick
- 224University of Wisconsin System
- 225University of Wuppertal
- 226University of Zadar
- 227University of Quebec
- 228Uskudar University
- 229Virginia Commonwealth University
- 230Waseda University
- 231Western Kentucky University
- 232Witten Herdecke Univ
- 233Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- 234Athens University of Economics & Business
- 235Univ Virginia
- 236Tufts University
- 237Harrisburg Univ Sci & Technol
- 238United States International University Africa
Journal
Nature Human Behaviour
ISSN
2397-3374
Open Access
green
Volume
5
Start page
1089
End page
1110
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.
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