A Paleogenomic Reconstruction of the Deep Population History of the Andes
Nakatsuka, Nathan
Harvard University
Lazaridis, Iosif
Harvard University
Barbieri, Chiara
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Skoglund, Pontus
Francis Crick Institute
Rohland, Nadin
Harvard University
Mallick, Swapan
Harvard University
Posth, Cosimo
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Harkins-Kinkaid, Kelly
University of California System
Ferry, Matthew
Harvard University
Harney, Eadaoin
Harvard University
Michel, Megan
Harvard University
Stewardson, Kristin
Harvard University
Novak-Forst, Jannine
University of California System
Capriles, Jose M.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Durruty, Marta Alfonso
Kansas State University
Alvarez, Karina Aranda
Soc Arqueol La Paz
Beresford-Jones, David
University of Cambridge
Burger, Richard
Yale University
Cadwallader, Lauren
University of Cambridge
Fujita, Ricardo
Universidad de San Martin de Porres
Isla, Johny
Peruvian Minist Culture
Lau, George
University of East Anglia
Aguirre, Carlos Lemuz
Universidad Mayor de San Andres
LeBlanc, Steven
Harvard University
Maldonado, Sergio Calla
Universidad Mayor de San Andres
Meddens, Frank
University of Reading
Messineo, Pablo G.
Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA)
Culleton, Brendan J.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Harper, Thomas K.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Quilter, Jeffrey
Harvard University
Politis, Gustavo
Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA)
Rademaker, Kurt
Michigan State University
Reindel, Markus
German Archaeol Inst
Salazar, Lucy
University of Cambridge
Sandoval, Jose R.
Universidad de San Martin de Porres
Santoro, Calogero M.
Universidad de Tarapaca
Scheifler, Nahuel
Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA)
Standen, Vivien
Universidad de Tarapaca
Ines Barreto, Maria
Museo Sitio Huaca Pucllana
Flores Espinoza, Isabel
Museo Sitio Huaca Pucllana
Tomasto-Cagigao, Elsa
Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
Valverde, Guido
University of Adelaide
Kennett, Douglas J.
Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Cooper, Alan
University of Adelaide
Krause, Johannes
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Haak, Wolfgang
Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist
Llamas, Bastien
University of Adelaide
Reich, David
Harvard University
Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
University of California System
Journal
Cell
ISSN
0092-8674
1097-4172
Open Access
hybrid
Volume
181
Start page
1131
There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from similar to 9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between similar to 2,000-500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin.